Camshaft wear is an inevitable part of engine operation, but if it exceeds certain levels, it can cause performance and reliability issues.
This article explores how to identify camshaft wear and the acceptable levels of this wear.
We also look at the factors that cause camshaft wear and what measures you can take to prevent it.
How Much Camshaft Wear Is Acceptable?
Generally, if camshaft wear does not exceed 0.002 inches or 0.05 millimeters on the lobes or journals, it is considered acceptable.
How to Measure Acceptable Levels of Camshaft Wear?
Here are the steps you need to follow to measure acceptable levels of camshaft wear:
Identifying Camshaft Wear
Before measuring the wear on your camshaft, you need to understand the type of wear it has.
There are different types of wear that can occur on camshafts, such as abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear.
Abrasive wear occurs due to the constant rubbing of the camshaft against other components, while adhesive wear is caused by the metal surfaces sticking together.
Fatigue wear, on the other hand, happens due to the repeated stress on the camshaft.
Measuring Camshaft Wear
The most common method to measure camshaft wear is by using a micrometer.
The micrometer measures the diameter of the camshaft bearing journals and compares it with the manufacturer’s specifications.
If the diameter is outside the acceptable range, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Lobe wear is measured by a dial indicator that measures the lift of the camshaft lobe.
If the lift is below the manufacturer’s specifications, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Bearing wear is determined by measuring the bearing surface’s diameter and comparing it with the manufacturer’s specifications.
If the diameter is outside the acceptable range, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Acceptable Levels of Camshaft Wear
The acceptable levels of camshaft wear depend on the manufacturer’s specifications.
Generally, camshaft journals can have a maximum wear limit of 0.0005 to 0.0015 inches. If the wear exceeds this limit, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
The acceptable levels of lobe wear are usually between 0.002 to 0.004 inches. If the wear exceeds this limit, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
For bearing wear, the acceptable levels depend on the manufacturer’s specifications. It can range from 0.0005 to 0.002 inches.
If the wear exceeds this limit, the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Factors Affecting Camshaft Wear
Several factors affect camshaft wear, including:
Lubrication:
Poor lubrication causes camshaft wear. The camshaft’s lobes rotate against the engine’s lifters, which can cause friction and wear if there is not enough lubrication present.
This can occur due to low oil pressure, insufficient oil levels, or the use of the wrong type of oil.
Contamination:
Camshafts can also wear down due to contamination from dirt, debris, or other foreign materials.
If the engine’s air filtering system isn’t working or it’s in a dusty atmosphere, this can happen.
Overheating:
High temperatures can also contribute to camshaft wear, as heat can cause the camshaft to warp or deform.
If the engine’s cooling system fails or it runs at high RPMs for long durations, this can happen.
Improper Timing:
The camshaft’s proper timing is crucial to engine performance, and incorrect timing can lead to premature wear.
This can occur if the timing chain or belt is not properly tensioned, or if the timing marks are not aligned correctly.
Poor Maintenance:
Finally, poor maintenance practices can contribute to camshaft wear.
Failure to change the engine oil and filter regularly or neglecting other routine maintenance tasks can lead to increased wear and reduced engine life.
How to Detect Camshaft Wear?
Some signs can indicate camshaft wear, including:
Inspect the Camshaft Lobes
The first step in detecting camshaft wear is to inspect the camshaft lobes.
Camshaft lobes are the raised sections of the camshaft that push against the engine’s valve lifters, opening and closing the valves.
Inspect the lobes for any signs of wear or damage, such as flattened or rounded edges, pitting, or scuffing.
If the lobes appear worn, it may indicate that the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Check the Camshaft Bearings
The camshaft bearings are the bearings that support the camshaft and allow it to rotate freely.
Check the camshaft bearings for any signs of wear or damage, such as scoring or grooves.
If the bearings appear worn, it may indicate that the camshaft needs to be replaced or that the engine needs to be rebuilt.
Measure Camshaft Lift
Camshaft lift refers to the distance the camshaft lobes raise the engine’s valve lifters.
Use a dial indicator to measure the camshaft lift at each lobe. Compare the measurements to the manufacturer’s specifications.
If the measurements fall outside the recommended range, it may indicate that the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Check Camshaft Runout
Camshaft runout refers to the amount of wobbling or movement of the camshaft as it rotates.
Use a dial indicator to measure camshaft runout at several points along the camshaft.
Compare the measurements to the manufacturer’s specifications.
If the measurements fall outside the recommended range, it may indicate that the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Conduct a Visual Inspection
Perform a visual inspection of the camshaft for any signs of wear or damage, such as cracks, chips, or corrosion.
Additionally, check for any signs of excessive wear or damage to the engine’s valve trains components, such as the lifters, pushrods, and rocker’s arms.
If any of these components appear worn or damaged, it may indicate that the camshaft needs to be replaced.
Other sighs of detecting camshaft wear, Like:
Engine Noise
A worn-out camshaft can produce a ticking or tapping sound, especially at idle or low RPMs.
Poor Performance
Camshaft wear can lead to reduced engine performance, such as decreased horsepower, acceleration, and fuel efficiency.
Engine Misfires or Stalling
Camshaft wear can also cause engine misfires, backfires, or stalling, as the engine’s timing and combustion are affected.
FAQs
What Is Considered Normal Wear On A Camshaft?
Normal wear on a camshaft will depend on various factors such as the engine’s mileage, usage, and maintenance history.
In general, a camshaft can tolerate some wear, but if it is excessively worn, it can cause engine performance issues and eventually lead to engine failure.
What Are Some Signs Of Camshaft Wear?
Signs of camshaft wear can include a decrease in engine performance, rough idling, engine misfires, reduced fuel efficiency, and unusual noises coming from the engine.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is best to have your engine inspected by a professional mechanic.
How Can I Prevent Camshaft Wear?
To prevent camshaft wear, you should ensure that your engine is well-maintained by following the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule.
Regular oil changes and proper lubrication can also help reduce wear on the camshaft.
How Long Does A Camshaft Last?
The lifespan of a camshaft will depend on various factors such as the engine’s usage and maintenance history.
In general, a camshaft can last between 100,000 to 150,000 miles, but this can vary.
Can Camshaft Wear Be Prevented With Synthetic Oil?
While synthetic oil may offer better engine protection than conventional oil, it cannot prevent camshaft wear entirely.
However, using high-quality synthetic oil can help reduce wear and extend the lifespan of your engine.
Conclusion
Camshaft wear is an inevitable aspect of engine operation. Over time, the surface of the camshaft will naturally become worn due to the constant friction and pressure it experiences while in use.
However, the level of wear that is deemed acceptable can vary depending on the individual engine and its specific application.
While some wear is to be expected, excessive wear can lead to a decrease in engine performance and potential damage to other engine components.
It’s important to regularly inspect your engine and consult with a professional mechanic to determine the appropriate level of camshaft wear for your specific engine.
By staying vigilant and proactive, you can help ensure the long-term health and performance of your engine.
